Waba uzi amateka yiterambere rya Sosiyete ya Dongfeng?

Ati: "Ubushinwa ni bunini cyane, ntibihagije kugira FAW yonyine, bityo uruganda rwa kabiri rw'imodoka rugomba kubakwa." Mu mpera za 1952, nyuma yuko gahunda zose zo kubaka uruganda rwa mbere rw’imodoka zimaze kugenwa, Chairman Mao Zedong yatanze amabwiriza yo kubaka uruganda rwa kabiri rw’imodoka. Umwaka wakurikiyeho, Minisiteri yambere yinganda zimashini zatangiye imirimo yo gutegura uruganda rwimodoka No2, rushyiraho ibiro bitegura uruganda rwimodoka No2 i Wuhan.

Nyuma yo kumva ibitekerezo by’impuguke z’Abasoviyeti, ikibanza cyatoranijwe mu gace ka Wuchang maze kimenyeshwa komite ishinzwe ubwubatsi bwa Leta n’ishami rya mbere ry’inganda z’imashini kugira ngo kibyemeze. Ariko, nyuma yuko gahunda imaze kumenyeshwa ishami ryimashini No.1, yateje impaka nyinshi. Komite ishinzwe ubwubatsi bwa Leta, No.1 ishami rishinzwe imashini n’ibiro by’imodoka bose batekereje ko ari byiza cyane kubaka No2 Imodoka i Wuhan duhereye ku iyubakwa ry’ubukungu. Icyakora, Wuhan iri nko mu birometero 800 uvuye ku nkombe z'inyanja kandi iherereye mu kibaya kirimo inganda, bityo biroroshye kwibasirwa n'umwanzi nyuma y'intambara itangiye. Nyuma yo gusuzuma neza ibidukikije binini byigihugu cyacu muri kiriya gihe, Ishami ryimashini No.1 ryanze icyifuzo cyo kubaka uruganda i Wuchang.

Nubwo icyifuzo cya mbere cyanze, gahunda yo kubaka uruganda rwa kabiri rwimodoka ntirwigeze rusohoka. Muri Nyakanga 1955, nyuma yo gutongana, ubuyobozi bukuru bwafashe icyemezo cyo kwimura ikibanza cy’imodoka No2 kiva i Wuchang kikajya i Baohechang mu nkengero z’iburasirazuba bwa Chengdu, Sichuan. Kuriyi nshuro, abayobozi bakuru bariyemeje cyane kubaka No2 Automobile, ndetse bubaka nuburaro bwa metero kare 20.000 mu nkengero za Chengdu hakiri kare cyane.

Mu kurangiza, iyi gahunda ntiyabaye impamo nkuko byari byateganijwe. Urebye amakimbirane yo mu ngo yerekeranye n'ubunini bw'ikibanza cya No2, hamwe n'imishinga remezo ikabije mu Bushinwa mu gihe cy’imyaka itanu yambere, gahunda yo kubaka uruganda rwa No2 Automobile yahagaritswe by'agateganyo hakiri kare 1957 bayobowe na "anti-aggress". Muri iki gihe, impano z’imodoka zirenga igihumbi zari zimaze kwihutira kujya i Sichuan nazo zoherejwe mu ishami ry’imodoka No1, Uruganda rw’imodoka No1 n’ibindi bigo gukora.

Nyuma yigihe gito umushinga wa kabiri wimodoka utsindiye byigihe gito, Ubushinwa bwongeye kubona amahirwe meza yo gushyigikira itangizwa ryimodoka ya kabiri. Muri icyo gihe, abakorerabushake b'Abashinwa binjiye muri DPRK basubiye mu Bushinwa ari benshi, kandi guverinoma yahuye n'ikibazo kitoroshye cyo kwimura ingabo. Chairman Mao yasabye kwimura igice kubakorerabushake bagarutse maze yihutira kujya i Jiangnan kwitegura uruganda rwa kabiri rwimodoka.

Ibi bimaze kuvugwa, kuzamuka kwubaka uruganda rwa kabiri rwimodoka byongeye guhaguruka. Kuri iyi nshuro, Li Fuchun, wari wungirije minisitiri w’intebe icyo gihe, yagize ati: “Nta ruganda runini ruhari i Hunan mu kibaya cy’uruzi rwa Yangtze, bityo uruganda rwa kabiri rw’imodoka ruzubakwa muri Hunan!” Mu mpera za 1958, nyuma yo guhabwa amabwiriza na Minisitiri w’intebe wungirije, Biro y’imodoka ishami ry’imashini ya mbere yateguye ingabo zo gukora imirimo yo gutoranya ibibanza muri Hunan.

Muri Gashyantare, 1960, nyuma yo gutoranya ikibanza kibanza, Biro y’imodoka yashyikirije raporo ku bibazo bimwe na bimwe bijyanye n’iyubakwa ry’uruganda rw’imodoka No2 ku ruganda rw’imodoka No1. Muri Mata uwo mwaka, Uruganda rw’imodoka No1 rwemeje gahunda kandi rushyiraho itsinda ry’amahugurwa y’abakanishi 800. Urebye ko Uruganda rwa kabiri rw’imodoka ruzasenyuka neza ku nkunga y’impande zose, "igihe cyimyaka itatu itoroshye" kuva 1959 cyongeye gukanda buto yo guhagarara kugirango umushinga wa kabiri wimodoka utangire. Kubera ko igihugu cyari mu bihe by’ubukungu bitoroshye cyane muri kiriya gihe, umurwa mukuru wo gutangiza umushinga wa kabiri w’imodoka watinze, kandi uyu mushinga w’uruganda rukora amamodoka wagombaga kongera guhaguruka.

Guhatirwa kumanuka inshuro ebyiri rwose bituma abantu benshi bumva bababaye kandi batengushye, ariko leta nkuru ntabwo yigeze ireka igitekerezo cyo kubaka uruganda rwa kabiri rwimodoka. Mu 1964, Mao Zedong yasabye ko yakwitondera cyane iyubakwa ry’umurongo wa gatatu, maze atanga igitekerezo cyo kubaka uruganda rwa kabiri rw’imodoka ku nshuro ya gatatu. Uruganda rwa moteri No1 rwakiriye neza, kandi guhitamo ikibanza No.2 uruganda rwimodoka rwongeye gukorwa.

Nyuma yiperereza ryakozwe, amatsinda menshi yo kwitegura yahisemo guhitamo ikibanza hafi ya Chenxi, Luxi na Songxi mu burengerazuba bwa Hunan, bityo kikaba cyarazengurutse imigezi itatu, ku buryo cyiswe “Sanxi Scheme”. Nyuma, itsinda ryitegura ryamenyesheje abayobozi gahunda ya Sanxi, biremezwa. Guhitamo urubuga rwa No2 Steam Turbine yateye intambwe nini imbere.

Nkuko guhitamo ikibanza byari byuzuye, guverinoma nkuru yohereje amabwiriza asumba ayandi, kandi ishyiraho politiki yimiterere itandatu yo "kwishingikiriza kumusozi, gutatana no kwihisha", isaba ko ikibanza cyegereye imisozi bishoboka. , n'ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo kwinjira mu mwobo. Mubyukuri, duhereye kuri aya mabwiriza, ntago bigoye kubona ko muri kiriya gihe, guverinoma yacu yibanze ku mpamvu z’intambara mu guhitamo ikibanza cy’imodoka ya No2. Duhereye kuri ibyo, dushobora kandi kumenya ko ibidukikije ku isi mu Bushinwa bushya, bimaze imyaka irenga icumi bimaze gushingwa, atari amahoro.

Nyuma yibyo, Chen Zutao, impuguke yimodoka icyo gihe yari umuyobozi akaba numu injeniyeri mukuru wuruganda rwimodoka rwa Changchun, yihutiye guhitamo ikibanza. Nyuma yiperereza ryinshi nipima, benshi mubagize itsinda ryitegura ahanini bagennye gahunda yo gutoranya ikibanza mu Kwakira 1964 hanyuma bagaruka mubice. Ariko, nyuma yuko gahunda yo gutoranya ikibanza ishyikirijwe urwego rwo hejuru, gahunda yo gutoranya ikibanza No.2 Isosiyete ikora ibinyabiziga yahindutse muburyo butunguranye.

Dukurikije imibare ikabije, mu gihe cy’amezi 15 yatoranijwe kuva mu Kwakira 1964 kugeza Mutarama, 1966, abantu benshi bitabiriye gutoranya ikibanza cy’uruganda rw’imodoka No2, banasesengura imijyi n’intara 57 aho, batwara abagera ku 42.000 kilometero n'imodoka, no kwandika amakuru arenga 12.000. Benshi mubagize itsinda ryitegura ndetse basubiye murugo kuruhuka rimwe mugihe cyamezi 10. Binyuze mu isuzuma rifatika kandi ryuzuye ryerekana uko ibintu byifashe mu turere twinshi, amaherezo hemejwe ko agace k’umugezi wa Shiyan-Jiangjun kari keza cyane mu kubaka inganda, kandi gahunda yo gutoranya ikibanza yatanzwe mu ntangiriro za 1966. Tugomba kuvuga ko umwuka wibisekuru bya autobot mubushinwa bakora cyane kandi badatinya ingorane rwose birakwiye kwigira kubakora amamodoka yo murugo.

Ariko, kuri iki cyiciro, guhitamo ikibanza No.2 Isosiyete ikora ibinyabiziga byari bitararangira. Kuva icyo gihe, guverinoma nkuru yohereje abatekinisiye benshi baturutse impande zose z'isi kugirango bongere kandi banonosore ikibanza cy’uruganda rw’imodoka No.2. Mu Kwakira 1966, ni bwo gahunda y’isosiyete y’imodoka No2 yo kubaka uruganda i Shiyan yarangiye.

Ariko ntibyatinze kugirango Isosiyete ya kabiri yimodoka yongere igire ibibazo. Mu 1966, Ubushinwa bwadutse. Muri icyo gihe, abashinzwe umutekano benshi batunganije kwandikira Li Fuchun, Visi Minisitiri w’Inama y’igihugu, inshuro nyinshi, bavuga ko hari ibibazo byinshi by’ibanze mu ishingwa ry’isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka i Shiyan. Kubera iyo mpamvu, gahunda yo kubaka uruganda rwa kabiri rwimodoka rwongeye gusubikwa.

Muri Mata, 1967 na Nyakanga, 1968, abayobozi bakuru b’uruganda rwa moteri No1 bagiye gutoranya ikibanza cya No2 Turbine kandi bakora inama ebyiri zo guhindura ibibanza. Hanyuma, nyuma yo kuganirwaho muri iyo nama, hafashwe umwanzuro ko icyemezo cyo kubaka No2 Steam Turbine muri Shiyan cyari cyo, ariko amakuru yihariye yari akeneye guhinduka. Kubwibyo, No.1 Uruganda rukora moteri rwashyizeho ihame ry "ubudahangarwa bwibanze noguhindura bikwiye", kandi bihindura neza igice cya No2 cya Turbine. Nyuma yimyaka 16 y "inshuro ebyiri ninshuro eshatu"

Kuva uruganda rwashingwa i Shiyan mu 1965, Isosiyete No2 y’imodoka yatangiye guteza imbere no gutanga umusaruro w’icyitegererezo cyayo mu ruganda rworoheje rw’igihe gito. Mu ntangiriro za 1965, Ishami rya mbere ry’imashini ryakoze politiki ya tekiniki n’inama yo gutegura inganda z’imodoka i Changchun, maze ifata icyemezo cyo gushyira ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’imodoka cya Changchun kiyobowe n’isosiyete y’imodoka No2. Muri icyo gihe, yatumije mu mahanga imideli y’ibirango bya Wanguo na Dodge kugira ngo ikoreshwe, inateza imbere imodoka ya mbere ya gisirikare itari mu muhanda ya sosiyete ya No2 y’imodoka yerekeza ku gikamyo cya Jiefang cyakozwe icyo gihe.

Ku ya 1 Mata 1967, Isosiyete No2 y’imodoka, yari itaratangira kubaka ku mugaragaro, yakoze umuhango wo gutangiza ibikorwa by’ikigereranyo i Lugouzi, Shiyan, Intara ya Hubei. Kubera ko Impinduramatwara y’umuco yari imaze kugera muri kiriya gihe, umuyobozi w’akarere ka gisirikare ka Yunyang yayoboye ingabo guhagarara mu biro bitegura gukumira impanuka. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri nyuma yuyu muhango wo gutangiza ni bwo sosiyete ya No2 yimodoka yatangiye kubaka.

Bitewe n’amabwiriza ya guverinoma yo hagati avuga ko "ingabo zigomba gushyirwa imbere, kandi ingabo zigashyirwa imbere y’abaturage", Isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka yafashe icyemezo cyo gukora imodoka ya toni 2.0 y’umusirikare utari mu muhanda na 3.5 Ikamyo yaton mu 1967. Nyuma yicyitegererezo kimaze kugenwa, Isosiyete yimodoka No2 ntishobora kuzana umusaruro mwiza witsinda R&D. Mu guhangana n’ibura rikabije ry’impano, Komite Nkuru ya CPC yahamagariye abandi bakora ibinyabiziga byo mu gihugu gukoresha impano z’ibanze kugira ngo bafashe No.2 Uruganda rw’imodoka gukemura ibibazo by’umusaruro.

Mu 1969, nyuma yo kugoreka inshuro nyinshi, Uruganda rwa No2 rwimodoka rwatangiye kubakwa ku rugero runini, kandi ingabo 100.000 zubaka zagiye ziterana i Shiyan ziturutse impande zose zigihugu. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1969, hari abakozi 1,273, abajenjeri n'abakozi ba tekinike bitanze kugira uruhare mu gushyigikira iyubakwa ry'uruganda rw’imodoka No2, barimo Zhi Deyu, Meng Shaonong ndetse n'umubare munini w'abatekinisiye bakomeye bo mu gihugu imbere abahanga. Aba bantu hafi ya bose bahagarariye urwego rwo hejuru rwinganda z’imodoka mu Bushinwa muri kiriya gihe, kandi itsinda ryabo ryabaye inkingi y’isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka.

Mu 1969, ni bwo Isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka yatangije ku mugaragaro umusaruro munini n’ubwubatsi. Icyiciro cya mbere cyubushakashatsi nicyitegererezo cyiterambere ni toni 2.0 za gisirikare zitari kumuhanda, code yitwa 20Y. Ku ikubitiro, intego yo gukora iyi modoka kwari ugukurura imbunda. Nyuma yo gukora prototype, Isosiyete ya kabiri yimodoka yateje imbere moderi zikomoka kuri iyi moderi. Icyakora, kubera kuzamura imyiteguro yintambara no kongera uburemere bwikurura, ingabo zasabye ko tonnage yiyi modoka yazamurwa ikagera kuri toni 2.5. Iyi moderi yitwa 20Y ntabwo yashyizwe mubikorwa rusange, kandi Isosiyete ya kabiri yimodoka nayo yahindutse guteza imbere iyi modoka nshya yitwa 25Y.

Nyuma yimiterere yimodoka kandi itsinda ryababyaye ryarangiye, ibibazo bishya byongeye guhura nisosiyete No2 yimodoka. Muri kiriya gihe, inganda z’Ubushinwa zari zifite intege nke cyane, kandi ibikoresho by’isosiyete ya No2 y’imodoka mu misozi byari bike cyane. Muri kiriya gihe, tutibagiwe n'ibikoresho binini byo kubyaza umusaruro, ndetse n'inyubako z'uruganda zari amasuka y'urubingo rw'agateganyo, hamwe na liniyumu nk'igisenge, matela y'urubingo nk'ibice n'inzugi, nuko hubakwa “inyubako y'uruganda”. Ubu bwoko bw'imyenda y'urubingo ntibushobora kwihanganira impeshyi n'ubukonje gusa, ahubwo byanakingira umuyaga n'imvura.

Ikirenze ibyo, ibikoresho byakoreshwaga n'abakozi ba No.2 Uruganda rw'imodoka muri kiriya gihe byagarukiraga ku bikoresho by'ibanze nk'inyundo n'inyundo. Hashingiwe ku nkunga ya tekiniki y’uruganda rw’imodoka No1 no kwerekeza ku bipimo bya tekiniki y’ikamyo ya Jiefang, Isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka yashyize hamwe imodoka ya gisirikare ya toni 2,5 25Y yo mu muhanda mu mezi make. Muri iki gihe, imiterere yikinyabiziga yahindutse cyane ugereranije na mbere.

Kuva icyo gihe, imodoka ya toni 2,5 ya gisirikare itari kumuhanda yakozwe na sosiyete ya kabiri yimodoka yiswe EQ240 kumugaragaro. Ku ya 1 Ukwakira 1970, Isosiyete y’imodoka No.2 yohereje icyiciro cya mbere cy’imodoka za EQ240 zacometse hamwe i Wuhan kugira ngo yitabe parade yo kwibuka yo kwizihiza imyaka 21 Repubulika y’Ubushinwa yashinzwe. Muri iki gihe, abantu bo mu Isosiyete No2 y’imodoka bakoze iyi modoka bahangayikishijwe n’imiterere yiyi moderi. Uruganda ndetse rwohereje abakozi barenga 200 bakora imyuga itandukanye kugirango bicare inyuma ya rostrum kuri parade hamwe nibikoresho byo gusana amasaha menshi, kugirango basane EQ240 nibibazo umwanya uwariwo wose. Igihe EQ240 yatsindaga ikibuga cyimbere niho hashyizwe hasi umutima umanitse wa Sosiyete ya kabiri yimodoka.

Izi nkuru zisekeje ntabwo zisa nicyubahiro uyumunsi, ariko kubantu bariho icyo gihe, ni ishusho nyayo yerekana akazi gakomeye k'uruganda rwa kabiri rwimodoka muminsi yambere yarwo. Ku ya 10 Kamena 1971, umurongo wa mbere wo guteranya ibinyabiziga wa No2 Uruganda rw’imodoka rwarangiye, naho isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka ifite umurongo wuzuye wo guterana wasaga nkuwakiriye neza impeshyi. Ku ya 1 Nyakanga, umurongo w'iteraniro waciwe kandi urageragezwa neza. Kuva icyo gihe, isosiyete ya kabiri yimodoka yarangije amateka yimodoka zakozwe n'intoki muri Luxipeng.

Kuva icyo gihe, kugirango bahindure isura ya EQ240 mubitekerezo byabantu, itsinda rya tekinike riyobowe na Chen Zutao ryatangiye guhindura EQ240 nyuma yumurongo winteko. Nyuma y’iterambere ryinshi mu nama yo gukemura ibibazo byingenzi, gutangiza no gusana ubuziranenge bw’ubwubatsi, Isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka yakemuye ibibazo 104 byingenzi by’ubuziranenge bwa EQ240 mu gihe kirenga umwaka, birimo ibice birenga 900 byahinduwe.

Kuva mu 1967 kugeza 1975, nyuma yimyaka umunani yubushakashatsi niterambere, umusaruro no kunoza, EQ240, imodoka yambere ya gisirikare itari kumuhanda wuruganda rwa kabiri rukora amamodoka, yarangije kurangizwa ishyirwa mubikorwa rusange. Imodoka ya gisirikare itari mumuhanda yitwa EQ240 yerekeza ku gikamyo cyo kubohoza icyo gihe, kandi vertical front grille ihuye nigishushanyo mbonera cyamakamyo yicyo gihe, bigatuma iyi modoka isa nkaho itoroshye.

Muri icyo gihe, Isosiyete y’imodoka No2 yatangarije Inama y’igihugu ko izina ry’ibicuruzwa byayo izaba “Dongfeng”, byemejwe n’inama y’igihugu. Kuva icyo gihe, imodoka ya kabiri na Dongfeng byahindutse amagambo ahujwe hamwe.

Mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 70, Ubushinwa na Amerika byahinduye buhoro buhoro umubano w’ububanyi n'amahanga, ariko icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, umuvandimwe mukuru, cyarebaga umupaka w'Ubushinwa. Ku nkunga yahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, Vietnam yakunze guteza umupaka w'Ubushinwa na Vietnam, ihora yica kandi ikomeretsa abaturage bacu ku mipaka ndetse n'abashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka, ndetse no gutera ku butaka bw'Ubushinwa. Mu bihe nk'ibi, Ubushinwa bwagabye igitero cyo kwirwanaho kuri Vietnam mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1978. Muri iki gihe, EQ240 yari imaze gushingwa, yajyanye nayo ijya ku murongo w'imbere kugira ngo ikizamini gikomeye.

Kuva EQ240 yambere yubatswe muri Luxipeng kugeza kurangiza neza igitero cyagabwe kuri Vietnam, uruganda rwa kabiri rwimodoka narwo rwasimbutse mubushobozi bwo gukora. Mu 1978, umurongo witeranirizo wa No2 Sosiyete yimodoka yari yarakoze ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro 5.000 kumwaka. Nyamara, ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro bwarazamutse, ariko inyungu ya No2 Company yimodoka yagabanutse. Impamvu nyamukuru yabyo nuko isosiyete No.2 yimodoka yamye ikora imodoka za gisirikare zitari mumuhanda namakamyo akorera igisirikare. Intambara irangiye, aba basore bafite ubwinshi nigiciro kinini ntibafite aho bakoresha, kandi No2 Company yimodoka yaguye mubibazo byigihombo.

Mubyukuri, mbere yuko igitero cyo kurwanya Vietnam gitangira, inganda z’imodoka zo mu gihugu, harimo n’isosiyete y’imodoka No2, zahanuye iki kibazo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, guhera mu 1977, FAW yimuye ikoranabuhanga ry’ikamyo ya toni 5 ya CA10 muri sosiyete y’imodoka ya No2 ku buntu, kugira ngo Isosiyete y’imodoka No.2 ibashe guteza imbere ikamyo ya gisivili kugira ngo yirinde iki kibazo gishoboka.

Muri kiriya gihe, FAW yubatse ikamyo yitwa CA140, yari isanzwe igamije gusimbura CA10. Muri iki gihe, FAW yatanze ubuntu itanga iyi kamyo muri No2 Company yimodoka kubushakashatsi no kuyibyaza umusaruro. Mubyukuri, CA140 niyabanjirije EQ140.

Ntabwo ari ikoranabuhanga gusa, ahubwo ninkingi yimiterere ya CA10 yakozwe na FAW, ifasha Isosiyete ya kabiri yimodoka guteza imbere iyi kamyo yabasivili. Kuberako aba technicien bafite uburambe bukize, ubushakashatsi niterambere ryiyi kamyo biroroshye cyane. Muri kiriya gihe, amakamyo menshi ya toni 5 ku isi yarasesenguwe aragereranywa. Nyuma yicyiciro cya gatanu cyibizamini bikomeye, itsinda R&D ryakemuye ibibazo bigera ku 100, binini na bito. Iyi kamyo ya gisivili yitwa EQ140 yahise ishyirwa mubikorwa byinshi murwego rwo kuzamura ibikorwa byubuyobozi bukuru.

Ubusobanuro bwiyi kamyo ya EQ140 ya sosiyete ya kabiri yimodoka irarenze kure. Mu 1978, umurimo wo gukora washyizweho na leta muri No2 Company yimodoka kwari ugukora imodoka 2000 za gisivili, hamwe nigare ryamafaranga 27.000. Nta ntego z’imodoka za gisirikare zari zihari, kandi leta yateganyaga gutakaza miliyoni 32, ugereranije n’uko byari byateganijwe mbere miliyoni 50. Muri kiriya gihe, Isosiyete No2 y’imodoka yari ikiri urugo runini rutakaza igihombo mu Ntara ya Hubei. Guhindura igihombo mu nyungu, kugabanya ibiciro nibyo byari urufunguzo, kandi hagomba gukorwa imodoka 5.000 za gisivili, ibyo bikaba byaragabanije igiciro kiva ku 27.000 kugeza ku 23.000. Muri kiriya gihe, Isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka yashyize ahagaragara interuro yo “kwemeza ubuziranenge, guharanira umusaruro mwinshi no kugoreka igihombo”. Hafi yiki cyemezo, harasabwa kandi "guharanira kuzamura ubwiza bwibicuruzwa", "guharanira kubaka ubushobozi bwikamyo ya toni 5", "kurwanya ingofero itera igihombo" no "guharanira umusaruro wumwaka Amakamyo 5.000 ya toni 5 ”.

Ku nkunga ya Hubei, mu 1978, No.2 Isosiyete ikora imodoka yatangije ku mugaragaro urugamba rukomeye rwo guhindura igihombo inyungu n’iyi modoka. Muri Mata 1978 honyine, yakoze moderi 420 EQ140, itanga imodoka 5.120 mu mwaka wose, hamwe n’imodoka zirenga 3,120 mu mwaka wose. Aho guhindura igihombo cyari giteganijwe kuba impamo, cyahinduye leta miliyoni 1.31 kandi gihindura igihombo inyungu muburyo bwose. Yakoze igitangaza muri kiriya gihe.

Muri Nyakanga 1980, ubwo Deng Xiaoping yagenzuraga Isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka, yagize ati: "Nibyiza ko witondera imodoka za gisirikare, ariko mu gihe kirekire, mu buryo bw'ibanze, turacyakeneye guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bya gisivili." Iyi nteruro ntabwo yemeza gusa icyerekezo cyambere cyiterambere cyisosiyete No2 yimodoka, ahubwo inasobanura politiki yibanze yo "kuva mubisirikare ukajya mubasivili". Kuva icyo gihe, Isosiyete No2 y’imodoka yaguye ishoramari mu binyabiziga bya gisivili kandi yongera ubushobozi bw’imodoka z’abasivili kugera kuri 90% y’ubushobozi bwose bwo gukora.

Muri uwo mwaka, ubukungu bw’igihugu bwinjiye mu gihe cyo guhindura ibintu, kandi Isosiyete y’imodoka No2 yashyizwe ku rutonde nk’umushinga “wahagaritswe cyangwa watinze” n’inama y’igihugu. Mu guhangana n’ibihe bibi, abafata ibyemezo bya No2 Sosiyete y’imodoka bashyize ahagaragara raporo y’uko “kubaho mu buryo bwacu, gukusanya inkunga twenyine, no gukomeza kubaka uruganda rw’imodoka No2” kuri leta, byemejwe. Yakomeje agira ati: “'gucutsa' igihugu no guteza imbere ubutwari bw’inganda bikubye inshuro 10 kandi bikubye inshuro 100 kuruta iyubakwa intambwe ku yindi muri gahunda y’ubukungu iteganijwe, yarekuye rwose ingufu zitanga umusaruro, iteza imbere iterambere ryihuse rya kabiri Isosiyete ikora imodoka kandi yagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry'ubukungu bw'igihugu. ” Huang Zhengxia, icyo gihe wari umuyobozi wa sosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka, yanditse mu nyandiko ye.

Nubwo Isosiyete y’imodoka No2 yakomeje guhanga udushya hashingiwe ku cyitegererezo cya EQ240 na EQ140, imiterere y’ibicuruzwa by’inganda z’imodoka zo mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa ntibyari bihwanye neza muri kiriya gihe. "Kubura ibiro nuburemere bworoshye, hafi yimodoka yambaye ubusa" cyari ikibazo cyihutirwa kubakora ibinyabiziga bikomeye muri kiriya gihe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, muri gahunda yo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa byo mu 1981-1985, No.2 Isosiyete ikora imodoka yongeye gushyira ahagaragara gahunda yo guteza imbere ikamyo ya mazutu ya mazutu, mu rwego rwo kuziba icyuho cyo "kubura ibiro" mu Bushinwa.

Mu rwego rwo kugabanya igihe cyo kuzamura ibicuruzwa, ndetse no kwita ku ivugurura ry’imbere mu gihugu no gufungura ibidukikije muri kiriya gihe, Isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka yahisemo kwigira ku buhanga bw’ubuhanga buhanitse bwo mu mahanga kugira ngo irangize ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’iyi mitwe iringaniye. ikamyo iremereye. Nyuma yimyaka myinshi yubushakashatsi no kunoza, imodoka nshya ya toni 8 yuzuye ya mazutu ya mazutu ya dizel yavuye buhoro buhoro kumurongo wateranirizwagamo mu 1990. Iyi modoka yitwa EQ153. Muri kiriya gihe, abantu bavugaga cyane iyi EQ153 bafite isura nziza kandi ikora neza, kandi "gutwara inkwi umunani zuzuye no kwinjiza amafaranga" byari byerekana ibyifuzo nyabyo bya benshi mubafite imodoka muri kiriya gihe.

Mubyongeyeho, ubushobozi bwa No.2 Automobile Co., Ltd. nabwo bwateye imbere byihuse muriki gihe. Muri Gicurasi 1985, imodoka 300.000 za Dongfeng zavuye ku murongo w'iteraniro. Muri kiriya gihe, imodoka zakozwe na No.2 Automobile Co., Ltd zari kimwe cya munani nyir'imodoka y'igihugu. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri gusa, No.2 Automobile Co., Ltd yatangije imodoka 500.000 ziva kumurongo witeranirizo kandi zitsindira umusaruro wumwaka wimodoka 100.000, ziza kumwanya mubigo bifite umusaruro mwinshi wamakamyo mato mato muri isi.

Mbere yuko Isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka yiswe “Dongfeng Motor Company”, ubuyobozi icyo gihe bwasabye ko kubaka amakamyo byari “urwego rw’amashuri abanza” naho kubaka imodoka bikaba “urwego rwa kaminuza”. Niba ushaka gukomera no kuba munini, ugomba kubaka imodoka nto. Muri kiriya gihe, ku isoko ry’imodoka zo mu gihugu, Shanghai Volkswagen yari isanzwe ari nini cyane, kandi Isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka yakoresheje ayo mahirwe maze ishyiraho gahunda yo guteza imbere imishinga ihuriweho n’imishinga.

Mu 1986, icyo gihe No.2 Isosiyete ikora ibinyabiziga yashyikirije ku mugaragaro Inama y’igihugu Raporo ku mirimo ibanza yo guteza imbere imodoka zisanzwe mu ruganda rw’imodoka No.2. Ku nkunga ikomeye y’amashyaka bireba, abayobozi ba komisiyo y’ubukungu ya Leta, komisiyo ishinzwe igenamigambi, komisiyo ishinzwe imashini n’izindi nzego bitabiriye inama ya Beidaihe mu 1987. Iyi nama yibanze cyane ku iterambere ry’imodoka n’isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka. Nyuma y’inama, guverinoma yo hagati yemeye ku mugaragaro politiki y’ingamba z '“iterambere rihuriweho, umushinga uhuriweho wo gushinga inganda, icyerekezo cyoherezwa mu mahanga no gusimbuza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga” washyizweho n’isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka.

Nyuma yuko gahunda ihuriweho n’umushinga wemejwe na guverinoma nkuru, No.2 Isosiyete ikora imodoka yahise ikorana n’amahanga menshi maze itangira gushaka abafatanyabikorwa. Mu gihe cya 1987-1989, Isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka icyo gihe yagiranye imishyikirano y’ubufatanye 78 n’amasosiyete 14 y’imodoka z’amahanga, kandi yohereza intumwa 11 gusura, kandi yakira intumwa 48 zo gusura no guhana mu ruganda. Hanyuma, Citroen Automobile Company yo mubufaransa yatoranijwe kubufatanye.

Mu kinyejana cya 21, Dongfeng yatangije indunduro yo kubaka imishinga ihuriweho. Mu 2002, Isosiyete y’imodoka ya Dongfeng yasinyanye amasezerano n’imishinga ihuriweho na PSA Itsinda ry’Ubufaransa mu rwego rwo kwagura ubufatanye, kandi ibikubiye muri uyu mushinga uhuriweho ni ukumenyekanisha ikirango cya Peugeot mu Bushinwa mu buryo bwose. Nyuma yumushinga uhuriweho, izina ryisosiyete ni Dongfeng Peugeot. Mu 2003, Isosiyete ikora moteri ya Dongfeng yongeye guhura n’imishinga ihuriweho. Isosiyete ya Dongfeng Motor Motor yaje kugirana amasezerano na Nissan Motor Company yo gushinga Dongfeng Motor Co., Ltd. muburyo bwo gushora 50%. Nyuma, Dongfeng Motor Motor Company yashyizeho umubano na sosiyete ya Motor Motor. Nyuma yo kugisha inama, impande zombi buri wese yashoye 50% yo gushinga uruganda rukora imodoka rwa Dongfeng Honda. Mu myaka ibiri gusa, Dongfeng Motor Company yasinyanye amasezerano y’imishinga n’amasosiyete atatu y’imodoka mu Bufaransa no mu Buyapani.

Kugeza ubu, Isosiyete ikora moteri ya Dongfeng imaze gukora ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku makamyo yo hagati, amakamyo aremereye n'imodoka. Mu mateka yimyaka 50 yiterambere ryikirango cya Dongfeng, amahirwe nibibazo byahoraga biherekeza abantu ba Dongfeng. Kuva ingorane zo kubaka inganda mugitangiriro kugeza ingorane zo guhanga udushya ubu, abantu ba Dongfeng banyuze mumuhanda wamahwa bafite ubutwari bwo guhinduka no kwihangana.

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