Ese uzi amateka y'iterambere rya Dongfeng Company?

“Ubushinwa ni bunini cyane, ntabwo bihagije kugira FAW yonyine, bityo uruganda rwa kabiri rw’imodoka rugomba kubakwa.” Mu mpera za 1952, nyuma y’uko gahunda zose z’ubwubatsi bw’uruganda rwa mbere rw’imodoka zigenwe, Perezida Mao Zedong yatanze amabwiriza yo kubaka uruganda rwa kabiri rw’imodoka. Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho, Minisiteri ya mbere y’inganda z’imashini yatangiye imirimo yo gutegura ikigo cya kabiri cy’imodoka, inashyiraho ibiro by’inganda za kabiri z’imodoka i Wuhan.

Nyuma yo kumva ibitekerezo by'impuguke z'Abasoviyeti, aho hantu hatoranyijwe mu gace ka Wuchang maze hagenzurwa Komite y'Ubwubatsi ya Leta n'Ishami rya Mbere ry'Inganda z'Imashini kugira ngo byemezwe. Ariko, nyuma y'uko gahunda igenzurwe Ishami rya Mbere ry'Imashini, byateje impaka nyinshi. Komite y'Ubwubatsi ya Leta, Ishami rya Mbere ry'Imashini n'Ibiro by'Imodoka bose batekereje ko ari byiza cyane kubaka imodoka ya kabiri i Wuhan mu rwego rw'ubwubatsi bw'ubukungu. Ariko, Wuhan iri ku birometero 800 gusa uvuye ku nkombe kandi iherereye mu kibaya aho inganda zirimo, bityo biroroshye guterwa n'umwanzi nyuma y'icyorezo cy'intambara. Nyuma yo gusuzuma neza ibidukikije bikomeye by'igihugu cyacu icyo gihe, Ishami rya Mbere ry'Imashini ryanze icyifuzo cyo kubaka uruganda i Wuchang.

Nubwo igitekerezo cya mbere cyanzwe, gahunda yo kubaka uruganda rwa kabiri rw’imodoka ntiyahagaze. Muri Nyakanga 1955, nyuma yo kugirana impaka, abayobozi bakuru bafashe icyemezo cyo kwimura aho imodoka ya No.2 iherereye i Wuchang ijya i Baochechang mu nkengero z’iburasirazuba bwa Chengdu, Sichuan. Kuri iyi nshuro, abayobozi bakuru biyemeje cyane kubaka imodoka ya No.2, ndetse bubaka n’inzu yo kuraramo ifite ubuso bwa metero kare hafi 20.000 mu nkengero za Chengdu hakiri kare cyane.

Amaherezo, iyi gahunda ntiyashyizwe mu bikorwa nk'uko byari biteganyijwe. Bitewe n'amakimbirane yo mu gihugu ku bunini bw'aho imodoka ya No.2 iherereye, ndetse n'imishinga y'ibikorwa remezo byinshi mu Bushinwa mu gihe cya Gahunda ya Mbere y'Imyaka Itanu, gahunda yo kubaka uruganda rwa No.2 Automobile yahagaritswe by'agateganyo mu ntangiriro za 1957 bitewe n'icyerekezo cyo "kurwanya urugomo". Muri icyo gihe, impano z'imodoka zirenga igihumbi zari zimaze kwimukira i Sichuan nazo zoherejwe mu ishami rya No.1 Automobile, uruganda rwa No.1 Automobile n'izindi nzego kugira ngo zikore.

Nyuma gato y’uko umushinga wa kabiri w’imodoka utsindiwe by’agateganyo, Ubushinwa bwongeye kubona amahirwe meza yo gushyigikira itangizwa ry’imodoka ya kabiri. Icyo gihe, abakorerabushake b’Ubushinwa binjiye muri DPRK bagarutse mu Bushinwa ari benshi, kandi guverinoma yari ihanganye n’ikibazo gikomeye cy’uburyo bwo gutuza ingabo. Perezida Mao yatanze igitekerezo cyo kwimura itsinda ry’abakorerabushake bagarutse maze bakihutira kujya i Jiangnan kwitegura uruganda rwa kabiri rw’imodoka.

Ibi bikimara kuvugwa, kongera kubaka uruganda rwa kabiri rw’imodoka byongeye gutangizwa. Kuri iyi nshuro, Li Fuchun, wari Minisitiri w’Intebe wungirije icyo gihe, yavuze ati: “Nta ruganda runini ruri i Hunan mu kibaya cy’uruzi rwa Yangtze, bityo uruganda rwa kabiri rw’imodoka ruzubakwa i Hunan!” Mu mpera za 1958, nyuma yo guhabwa amabwiriza na Minisitiri w’Intebe wungirije, Ikigo cy’Imodoka cy’Ishami rya Mbere ry’Imashini cyateguye ingabo zo gukora imirimo yo guhitamo aho hantu muri Hunan.

Muri Gashyantare 1960, nyuma yo guhitamo ahantu ha mbere ho gukorera, Ibiro by’Imodoka byatanze raporo ku ngingo zimwe na zimwe zijyanye no kubaka uruganda rwa kabiri rw’imodoka ku ruganda rwa mbere rw’imodoka. Muri Mata uwo mwaka, uruganda rwa mbere rw’imodoka rwemeye gahunda maze rushyiraho icyiciro cy’amahugurwa y’abakanishi cy’abantu 800. Kubera ko uruganda rwa kabiri rw’imodoka ruzatangira neza rushyigikiwe n’impande zose, "igihe cy’imyaka itatu kigoye" kuva mu 1959 cyongeye gukanda buto yo guhagarika kugira ngo hatangwe umushinga wa kabiri w’imodoka. Kubera ko igihugu cyari mu bihe bikomeye cyane by’ubukungu icyo gihe, imari shingiro y’umushinga wa kabiri w’imodoka yarasubitswe, kandi uyu mushinga w’uruganda rw’imodoka wari uteshejwe agaciro wagombaga kongera gusenyuka.

Guhatirwa kumanuka kabiri bituma abantu benshi bumva bababaye kandi bababaye, ariko guverinoma y’igihugu ntiyigeze ireka igitekerezo cyo kubaka uruganda rwa kabiri rw’imodoka. Mu 1964, Mao Zedong yatanze igitekerezo cyo kwita cyane ku bwubatsi bw’umurongo wa gatatu, kandi atanga igitekerezo cyo kubaka uruganda rwa kabiri rw’imodoka ku nshuro ya gatatu. Uruganda rwa moteri rwa mbere rwakiriye neza, maze hashyirwaho uburyo bwo guhitamo aho uruganda rwa kabiri rw’imodoka ruherereye.

Nyuma y’iperereza ryinshi, amatsinda menshi y’imyiteguro yahisemo guhitamo ahantu hafi ya Chenxi, Luxi na Songxi mu burengerazuba bwa Hunan, bityo hagera ku migezi itatu, bityo byitwa "Sanxi Scheme". Nyuma yaho, itsinda ry’imyiteguro ryamenyesheje abayobozi gahunda ya Sanxi, kandi byemezwa. Guhitamo aho hantu hazaba hari No.2 Steam Turbine byateye intambwe nini.

Ubwo guhitamo aho hantu byari biri kugenda neza, guverinoma yo hagati yohereje amabwiriza yo hejuru, inashyiraho politiki y’inyuguti esheshatu yo “kwishingikiriza ku musozi, gutata no kwihisha”, isaba ko aho hantu haba hafi y’imisozi uko bishoboka kose, n’ibikoresho by’ingenzi byo kwinjira mu mwobo. Mu by’ukuri, dukurikije aya mabwiriza, ntabwo bigoye kubona ko icyo gihe, guverinoma yacu yibanze ku kintu cy’intambara mu guhitamo aho hantu habereye ikigo cya kabiri cy’imodoka. Duhereye kuri ibi, dushobora kandi kumenya ko ibidukikije byo muri New China, bimaze imyaka irenga icumi bishinzwe, atari amahoro.

Nyuma y’ibyo, Chen Zutao, impuguke mu by’imodoka wari umuyobozi akaba n’umutekinisiye mukuru w’uruganda rw’imodoka rwa Changchun, yihutiye gutoranya aho hantu. Nyuma y’iperereza rinini n’ibikorwa byo gupima, abantu benshi bari mu itsinda ry’itegura bagennye gahunda yo gutoranya aho hantu mu Kwakira 1964 maze bagaruka mu byiciro. Ariko, nyuma gato y’uko gahunda yo gutoranya aho hantu ishyikirijwe umuyobozi mukuru, inzira yo gutoranya aho hantu ya sosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka yarahindutse mu buryo butunguranye.

Dukurikije imibare isanzwe, mu gihe cyo gutoranya aho imodoka zigomba kuba ziherereye kuva mu Kwakira 1964 kugeza muri Mutarama 1966, abantu benshi bitabiriye gutoranya aho imodoka zigomba kuba ziherereye, banasuzuma imijyi 57 n'uturere aho ngaho, batwaye imodoka ibirometero bigera ku 42.000, banandika amakuru arenga 12.000. Benshi mu bagize itsinda ryitegura bagiye no kuruhuka rimwe mu gihe cy'igenzura ry'amezi 10. Binyuze mu isuzuma ryuzuye ry'uko ibintu bimeze mu turere twinshi, byaje kugaragara ko agace k'uruzi rwa Shiyan-Jiangjun ari ko kabereye cyane inganda zo kubaka, kandi gahunda yo gutoranya aho hantu yatanzwe mu ntangiriro za 1966. Ni ngombwa kuvuga ko umwuka w'abakora imodoka ba kera mu Bushinwa bakora cyane kandi badatinya ingorane ukwiye kwigwa n'abakora imodoka bo mu gihugu ubu.

Ariko, muri iki cyiciro, guhitamo aho ikigo cya kabiri cy’imodoka cyari kitararangira. Kuva icyo gihe, guverinoma y’igihugu yohereje abatekinisiye benshi baturutse impande zose z’isi kugira ngo bongere kandi banonosore uburyo uruganda rwa kabiri rw’imodoka rwatoranijwemo. Byageze mu Ukwakira 1966 ari bwo gahunda y’ikigo cya kabiri cy’imodoka yo kubaka uruganda i Shiyan yarangiye.

Ariko ntibyatinze ko ikigo cya kabiri cy’imodoka cyongera guhura n’ibibazo. Mu 1966, impinduramatwara y’umuco yadutse mu Bushinwa. Icyo gihe, abashinzwe umutekano benshi bateguye kwandikira Li Fuchun, Visi Minisitiri w’Intebe w’Inama Nkuru ya Leta, inshuro nyinshi, bavuga ko hari ibibazo byinshi by’ingenzi mu ishingwa rya sosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka i Shiyan. Kubera iyo mpamvu, gahunda yo kubaka uruganda rwa kabiri rw’imodoka yongeye gusubikwa.

Muri Mata 1967 na Nyakanga 1968, abayobozi bakuru b'uruganda rwa moteri No.1 bagiye ku itoranywa ry'ahantu hagomba kubakwa Steam Turbine No.2 maze bakora inama ebyiri zo kuvugurura aho hantu. Amaherezo, nyuma yo kuganira mu nama, byagaragaye ko icyemezo cyo kubaka Steam Turbine No.2 muri Shiyan cyari gikwiye, ariko hagombaga guhindurwa ibisobanuro byihariye gusa. Kubwibyo, uruganda rwa moteri No.1 rwashyizeho ihame ryo "kudahinduka kw'ibanze no gukosora bikwiye", kandi rutunganya igice cy'aho hagomba kubakwa Steam Turbine No.2. Nyuma y'imyaka 16 "inshuro ebyiri n'eshatu"

Kuva uruganda rwashingwa i Shiyan mu 1965, isosiyete ya mbere y’imodoka yatangiye guteza imbere no gukora imashini zayo mu ruganda rw’igihe gito. Mu ntangiriro za 1965, Ishami rya mbere ry’imashini ryakoze inama ya tekiniki n’igenamigambi ry’inganda z’imodoka i Changchun, maze rifata icyemezo cyo gushyira Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi ku Imodoka cya Changchun ku buyobozi bwa sosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka. Muri icyo gihe, ryatumije imashini za Wanguo na Dodge kugira ngo zikoreshwe nk’izisanzwe, kandi ryakoze imodoka ya mbere ya gisirikare ikora mu muhanda ya mbere y’isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka ishingiye ku ikamyo ya Jiefang yakozwe icyo gihe.

Ku ya 1 Mata 1967, ikigo cya kabiri cy’imodoka, kitari cyatangira kubaka ku mugaragaro, cyakoze umuhango w’iyubakwa ry’imashini i Lugouzi, Shiyan, mu Ntara ya Hubei. Kubera ko impinduramatwara y’umuco yari imaze kugera icyo gihe, umuyobozi w’akarere ka gisirikare ka Yunyang yayoboye ingabo mu biro by’imyiteguro kugira ngo hirindwe impanuka. Nyuma y’imyaka ibiri uyu muhango wo kubaka ni bwo ikigo cya kabiri cy’imodoka cyatangiye kubaka.

Kubera amabwiriza ya guverinoma y’igihugu avuga ko “ingabo zigomba guhabwa umwanya wa mbere, kandi ingabo zigashyirwa imbere y’abaturage”, ikigo cya kabiri cy’imodoka cyafashe icyemezo cyo gukora imodoka ya gisirikare ya toni 2.0 ikoreshwa mu muhanda n’ikamyo ya toni 3.5 mu 1967. Nyuma y’uko icyitegererezo kimaze kumenyekana, ikigo cya kabiri cy’imodoka ntigishobora kubona itsinda ryiza ryo gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere umusaruro. Kubera ikibazo cy’ubuke bw’impano, Komite Nkuru ya CPC yasabye izindi nganda zikora imodoka zo mu gihugu gushyiramo impano z’ingenzi kugira ngo zifashe ikigo cya kabiri cy’imodoka guhangana n’ibibazo by’ingenzi by’umusaruro.

Mu 1969, nyuma y’impinduka nyinshi, uruganda rwa kabiri rw’imodoka rwatangiye kubaka ku rwego runini, maze ingabo 100.000 z’ubwubatsi ziteranira i Shiyan ziturutse impande zose z’igihugu cyabyaye. Imibare igaragaza ko mu mpera za 1969, hari abakada, injeniyeri n’abakozi ba tekiniki 1.273 bitanze kugira ngo bagire uruhare mu iyubakwa ry’uruganda rwa kabiri rw’imodoka, barimo Zhi Deyu, Meng Shaonong n’inzobere nyinshi mu bya tekiniki by’imodoka zo mu gihugu. Aba bantu bari hafi kuba bari ku rwego rwo hejuru mu nganda z’imodoka zo mu Bushinwa icyo gihe, kandi itsinda ryabo ryabaye inkingi ya kabiri y’isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka.

Mu 1969 ni bwo isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka yatangiye ku mugaragaro igikorwa kinini cyo gukora no kubaka. Itsinda rya mbere ry’ibyerekezo by’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ryari imodoka za gisirikare za toni 2.0 zikoreshwa mu muhanda, zitwa 20Y. Mu ntangiriro, intego yo gukora iyi modoka kwari ugukurura imbunda. Nyuma y’uko iyi sosiyete ikozwe, isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka yakoze ubwoko butandukanye bushingiye kuri ubu bwoko. Ariko, kubera kongera ubushobozi bwo kurwana no kongera uburemere bw’imodoka, ingabo zasabye ko toni z’iyi modoka zongerwa kugeza kuri toni 2.5. Iyi toni yitwa 20Y ntiyashyizwe mu bikorwa ku bwinshi, kandi isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka nayo yahisemo gukora iyi modoka nshya yitwa 25Y.

Nyuma y’uko icyitegererezo cy’imodoka kimaze kumenyekana n’itsinda ry’abakora imodoka rimaze kurangiza, ibibazo bishya byongeye guhura na Kompanyi ya Kabiri y’Imodoka. Icyo gihe, inganda zo mu Bushinwa zari nke cyane, kandi ibikoresho bya Kompanyi ya Kabiri y’Imodoka mu misozi byari bike cyane. Icyo gihe, tutibagiwe ibikoresho binini byo gukora, ndetse n’inyubako z’uruganda zari amazu y’agateganyo y’amabati y’urubingo, afite linoleum nk’igisenge, amabati y’urubingo nk’ibice n’inzugi, bityo hubatswe “inyubako y’uruganda”. Ubwo bwoko bw’amabati y’urubingo ntibwashoboraga kwihanganira gusa ubushyuhe bw’impeshyi n’ubukonje, ahubwo bwashoboraga no kwikinga umuyaga n’imvura.

Ikindi kandi, ibikoresho byakoreshwaga n'abakozi ba Kompanyi ya Kabiri y'Imodoka icyo gihe byari ibikoresho by'ibanze gusa nk'inyundo n'inyundo. Bishingikirije ku nkunga ya tekiniki y'Uruganda rwa Mbere rw'Imodoka kandi bivuze ibipimo bya tekiniki bya Jiefang Truck, Kompanyi ya Kabiri y'Imodoka yashyizeho imodoka ya gisirikare ya toni 2.5 ya 25Y mu mezi make. Muri iki gihe, imiterere y'imodoka yarahindutse cyane ugereranije na mbere.

Kuva icyo gihe, imodoka ya gisirikare ya toni 2.5 ikoreshwa mu muhanda yakozwe na Second Automobile Company yiswe EQ240 ku mugaragaro. Ku ya 1 Ukwakira 1970, Second Automobile Company yohereje itsinda rya mbere rya EQ240 zakozwe hamwe i Wuhan kugira ngo zifatanye mu rugendo rwo kwibuka isabukuru y'imyaka 21 Repubulika y'Abaturage y'Ubushinwa imaze ishinzwe. Muri iki gihe, abaturage ba No.2 Automobile Company bakoze iyi modoka bari bahangayikishijwe n'uko iyi patchwork izakomeza. Uruganda rwohereje abakozi barenga 200 b'imyuga itandukanye kujya kwicara inyuma y'ikibuga cy'imyigaragambyo bafite ibikoresho byo gusana amasaha menshi, kugira ngo basane EQ240 igihe icyo ari cyo cyose. Ni nyuma yuko EQ240 itambutse neza ku kibuga cy'imyigaragambyo, umutima wa Second Automobile Company warahagaze.

Izi nkuru zisekeje ntabwo zisa neza muri iki gihe, ariko ku bantu b'icyo gihe, ni ishusho nyayo y'umurimo ukomeye w'uruganda rwa kabiri rw'imodoka mu ntangiriro zarwo. Ku ya 10 Kamena 1971, umurongo wa mbere w'imodoka wa sosiyete ya kabiri y'imodoka warangiye, maze sosiyete ya kabiri y'imodoka ifite umurongo wuzuye w'imodoka isa nkaho yakiriye neza impeshyi. Ku ya 1 Nyakanga, umurongo w'imodoka warakemuwe kandi ugeragezwa neza. Kuva icyo gihe, sosiyete ya kabiri y'imodoka yarangije amateka y'imodoka zakozwe n'intoki muri Luxipeng.

Kuva icyo gihe, kugira ngo bahindure ishusho ya EQ240 mu bitekerezo by'abantu, itsinda rya tekiniki riyobowe na Chen Zutao ryatangiye guhindura EQ240 nyuma yo kurangiza umurongo wo guteranya. Nyuma yo kunoza byinshi mu nama yo gukemura ibibazo by'ingenzi, gutanga akazi no gusana ubuziranenge bw'ubuhanga, Isosiyete ya Kabiri y'Imodoka yakemuye ibibazo 104 by'ingenzi by'ubuziranenge bwa EQ240 mu gihe kirenga umwaka umwe, birimo ibice birenga 900 byahinduwe.

Kuva mu 1967 kugeza mu 1975, nyuma y'imyaka umunani y'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere, umusaruro n'ivugurura, EQ240, imodoka ya mbere ya gisirikare ikoreshwa mu muhanda mu ruganda rwa kabiri rukora imodoka, yarangije gushyirwa mu bikorwa ku bwinshi. Imodoka ya gisirikare ikoreshwa mu muhanda yitwaga EQ240 yerekeza ku ikamyo yo kubohoza icyo gihe, kandi icyuma gihagaze imbere gihuye n'imiterere y'ikamyo y'icyo gihe, bituma iyi modoka isa n'ikomeye cyane.

Muri icyo gihe, isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka yatangarije Inama Njyanama ko izina ry’ibicuruzwa byayo rizaba "Dongfeng", ryemejwe n’Inama Njyanama. Kuva icyo gihe, imodoka ya kabiri na Dongfeng byabaye amagambo ahujwe.

Mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1970, Ubushinwa na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika byagiye bivugurura umubano wa dipolomasi buhoro buhoro, ariko icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, umuvandimwe wacyo, cyari gitegereje umupaka w'Ubushinwa. Bitewe inkunga n'icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, Viyetinamu yakunze guteza imbere umupaka w'Ubushinwa na Vietnam, yica kandi igakomeretsa abaturage bacu bo ku mupaka n'abarinzi b'umupaka, kandi igatera ubutaka bw'Ubushinwa. Muri ibyo bihe, Ubushinwa bwagabye igitero cyo kwirwanaho kuri Vietnam mu mpera za 1978. Muri icyo gihe, EQ240, yari imaze gushingwa, yajyanye nayo maze ijya ku rugamba kugira ngo ikore igeragezwa rikomeye cyane.

Kuva kuri EQ240 ya mbere yubatswe i Luxipeng kugeza ku irangizwa ry’igitero cyo kwivuna Viyetinamu, uruganda rwa kabiri rw’imodoka narwo rwageze ku ntera mu bushobozi bwo gukora. Mu 1978, umurongo w’isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka wari ufite ubushobozi bwo gukora imodoka 5.000 ku mwaka. Ariko, ubushobozi bwo gukora bwariyongereye, ariko inyungu ya Kompanyi ya kabiri y’imodoka iragabanuka. Impamvu nyamukuru y’iki kibazo ni uko Kompanyi ya kabiri y’imodoka yahoraga ikora imodoka za gisirikare zijya mu muhanda n’amakamyo akorera ingabo. Intambara imaze kurangira, aba bagabo bafite ubwinshi bwinshi kandi buhenze nta hantu na hamwe bagifite ho gukoresha, kandi Kompanyi ya kabiri y’imodoka yaguye mu kibazo cyo guhomba.

Mu by’ukuri, mbere y’uko igitero cyo kwisubiraho kuri Vietnam gitangira, inganda z’imodoka zo mu gihugu imbere, harimo n’isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka, zari zarabonye ibi. Kubwibyo, mu 1977, FAW yimuriye ikoranabuhanga ry’ikamyo yayo ya toni 5 CA10 kuri isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka ku buntu, kugira ngo isosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka ibashe gukora ikamyo ya gisivili kugira ngo yirinde iki kibazo uko bishoboka kose.

Icyo gihe, FAW yubatse ikamyo yitwa CA140, yari igamije gusimbura CA10. Muri icyo gihe, FAW yimuriye iyi kamyo ku buntu kuri Kompanyi ya Kabiri y’Amamodoka kugira ngo bayikoreho ubushakashatsi no kuyitunganya. Mu buryo bw’imitekerereze, CA140 ni yo yabanjirije EQ140.

Si ikoranabuhanga gusa, ahubwo ni n'inkingi y'icyitegererezo cya CA10 cyakozwe na FAW, gifasha ikigo cya kabiri cy'imodoka gukora iyi kamyo ya gisivili. Kubera ko aba batekinisiye bafite uburambe bwinshi, ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'iyi kamyo biragenda neza cyane. Icyo gihe, ingero nyinshi z'ikamyo za toni 5 ku isi zarasesenguwe kandi zigereranywa. Nyuma y'ibizamini bitanu bikomeye, itsinda ry'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ryakemuye ibibazo bigera ku 100, binini n'ibito. Iyi kamyo ya gisivili yitwa EQ140 yahise ishyirwa mu bikorwa ku bwinshi binyuze mu kwamamaza abayobozi bakuru.

Akamaro k'iyi kamyo ya gisivili ya EQ140 kuri sosiyete ya kabiri y'imodoka ni byinshi cyane kuruta ibyo. Mu 1978, akazi ko gukora ka leta kari gahawe sosiyete ya kabiri y'imodoka kwari ugukora imodoka za gisivili 2.000, igare rigura amayuan 27.000. Nta ntego yari ifite ku modoka za gisirikare, kandi leta yateganyaga gutakaza amayuan miliyoni 32, ugereranije n'intego yari ihari ya miliyoni 50 z'amayuan. Icyo gihe, sosiyete ya kabiri y'imodoka yari ikiri umuryango ukomeye mu Ntara ya Hubei. Kugira ngo igihombo kibe inyungu, kugabanya ikiguzi byari ingenzi, kandi imodoka 5.000 za gisivili zagombaga gukorwa, byagabanyije ikiguzi kuva kuri mayuan 27.000 kikagera kuri mayuan 23.000. Icyo gihe, sosiyete ya kabiri y'imodoka yashyizeho intero igira iti “kwizeza ubuziranenge, guharanira umusaruro urenze urugero no kugoreka igihombo”. Kuri iki cyemezo, hanasabwa kandi "guharanira kunoza ireme ry'ibicuruzwa", "guharanira kubaka ubushobozi bwo gukora amakamyo ya toni 5", "guharanira ingofero yo guhomba" no "guharanira umusaruro w'amakamyo 5.000 ya toni 5 buri mwaka".

Ku nkunga y'imbaraga za Hubei, mu 1978, isosiyete ya kabiri y'imodoka yatangiye ku mugaragaro urugamba rukomeye rwo guhindura igihombo inyungu ikoresheje iyi modoka. Muri Mata 1978 gusa, yakoze ubwoko 420 bwa EQ140, akora imodoka 5.120 mu mwaka wose, hamwe n'umusaruro urenze urugero w'imodoka 3.120 mu mwaka wose. Aho guhindura igihombo cyari giteganyijwe mu isohozwa, yahinduye miliyoni 1.31 z'amayuan kuri leta kandi igihombo gihinduka inyungu mu buryo bwose. Icyo gihe yakoze igitangaza.

Muri Nyakanga 1980, ubwo Deng Xiaoping yagenzuraga ikigo cya kabiri cy’imodoka, yagize ati: “Ni byiza ko witondera imodoka za gisirikare, ariko mu gihe kirekire, mu by’ukuri, turacyakeneye guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bya gisivili.” Iyi nteruro ntabwo ari ugushimangira icyerekezo cy’iterambere ryabanje rya sosiyete ya kabiri y’imodoka, ahubwo ni no gusobanura politiki y’ibanze yo “kwimura imodoka kuva mu gisirikare ujya mu za gisivili”. Kuva icyo gihe, ikigo cya kabiri cy’imodoka cyaguze ishoramari ryacyo mu modoka za gisivili kandi cyongera ubushobozi bwo gukora imodoka za gisivili kugeza kuri 90% by’ubushobozi bwose bwo gukora.

Muri uwo mwaka, ubukungu bw'igihugu bwinjiye mu gihe cyo guhinduka, maze ikigo cya kabiri cy'imodoka cyashyizwe ku rutonde rw'umushinga "wahagaritswe cyangwa watinze" n'Inama ya Leta. Bahanganye n'ikibazo gikomeye, abafashe ibyemezo ba sosiyete ya kabiri y'imodoka batanze raporo ivuga ku "kubaho mu bushobozi bwacu, gukusanya inkunga twe ubwacu, no gukomeza kubaka ikigo cya kabiri cy'imodoka" kuri leta, maze byemezwa. ""Gucibwa imyeyo" kw'igihugu n'iterambere rikomeye ry'ibigo bikomeye inshuro 10 n'inshuro 100 kurusha kubaka intambwe ku yindi muri gahunda y'ubukungu yateganijwe, yatumye imbaraga zitanga umusaruro ziva mu bikorwa, bigateza imbere iterambere ryihuse rya sosiyete ya kabiri y'imodoka kandi bigatanga umusanzu ukomeye mu iterambere ry'ubukungu bw'igihugu." Huang Zhengxia, wari umuyobozi wa sosiyete ya kabiri y'imodoka icyo gihe, yanditse mu nyandiko ze.

Nubwo Isosiyete y’imodoka ya No.2 yakomeje guhanga udushya ishingiye kuri moderi za EQ240 na EQ140, imiterere y’ibicuruzwa by’inganda z’imodoka zo mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa yari idakora neza icyo gihe. “Kutagira ibiro n’uburemere bworoheje, hafi imodoka idafite ikintu” byari ikibazo cyihutirwa ku nganda zikomeye z’imodoka icyo gihe. Kubwibyo, muri gahunda yo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa yo mu 1981-1985, Isosiyete y’imodoka ya No.2 yongeye gushyira ahagaragara gahunda yo guteza imbere ikamyo ya mazutu ifite lisansi, kugira ngo izibe icyuho cy’“kubura ibiro” mu Bushinwa.

Kugira ngo bagabanye igihe cyo kunoza ibicuruzwa, ndetse banashyire mu bikorwa ivugurura ry’imbere mu gihugu no gufungura urubuga icyo gihe, ikigo cya kabiri cy’imodoka cyafashe icyemezo cyo kwigira ku bunararibonye bw’ikoranabuhanga bwo mu mahanga kugira ngo barangize ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’iyi kamyo nini ifite umutwe ugororotse. Nyuma y’imyaka myinshi y’ubushakashatsi n’ivugurura, imodoka nshya ya mazutu ifite umutwe ugororotse ya toni 8 yavuye ku murongo mu 1990. Iyi modoka yitwa EQ153. Muri icyo gihe, abantu bavugaga cyane iyi EQ153 ifite isura nziza n’imikorere myiza, kandi "gutwara inkwi umunani zigororotse no gukurura amafaranga" byari ikimenyetso cy’ibyifuzo nyakuri by’abantu benshi batunze imodoka icyo gihe.

Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwa No.2 Automobile Co., Ltd. nabwo bwateye imbere vuba muri icyo gihe. Muri Gicurasi 1985, imodoka 300.000 za Dongfeng zavuye ku murongo w’imodoka. Icyo gihe, imodoka zakozwe na No.2 Automobile Co., Ltd. zari zifite kimwe cya munani cy’imodoka zo mu gihugu. Nyuma y’imyaka ibiri gusa, No.2 Automobile Co., Ltd. yazanye imodoka 500.000 zavuye ku murongo w’imodoka kandi igera ku musaruro w’imodoka 100.000 ku mwaka, iza mu bigo bifite umusaruro munini w’amakamyo aciriritse ku isi ku mwaka.

Mbere y'uko ikigo cya kabiri cy’imodoka gihabwa izina ry’umugaragaro "Dongfeng Motor Company", ubuyobozi bw’icyo gihe bwatanze igitekerezo cy’uko kubaka amakamyo ari "urwego rw’amashuri abanza" gusa naho kubaka imodoka bikaba "urwego rwa kaminuza". Niba ushaka gukomera no kuba munini, ugomba kubaka imodoka nto. Icyo gihe, ku isoko ry’imodoka zo mu gihugu, Shanghai Volkswagen yari imaze kuba nini cyane, kandi ikigo cya kabiri cy’imodoka cyakoresheje aya mahirwe maze gishyiraho gahunda yo guteza imbere imodoka zihuriweho.

Mu 1986, icyo gihe isosiyete y’imodoka ya No.2 yashyikirije Inama Njyanama ku mugaragaro Raporo ku mirimo y’ibanze yo guteza imbere imodoka zisanzwe mu ruganda rwa No.2 rw’imodoka. Bashyigikiwe cyane n’impande zibishinzwe, abayobozi ba Komisiyo y’Ubukungu ya Leta, Komisiyo y’Igenamigambi, Komisiyo y’Imashini n’andi mashami bitabiriye Inama ya Beidaihe mu 1987. Inama yaganiriye ahanini ku iterambere ry’imodoka na Kompanyi ya Kabiri y’Imodoka. Nyuma gato y’inama, guverinoma y’igihugu yemeye ku mugaragaro politiki y’ingamba zo “guteza imbere ubufatanye, gushyiraho inganda, kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga no gusimbuza ibicuruzwa bivanwa mu mahanga” yatanzwe na Kompanyi ya Kabiri y’Imodoka.

Nyuma y’uko gahunda y’ubufatanye yemejwe na guverinoma nkuru, ikigo cya kabiri cy’imodoka cyahise gitangira gukora ibikorwa binini byo guhanahana amakuru mpuzamahanga maze gitangira gushaka abafatanyabikorwa. Mu gihe cya 1987-1989, ikigo cya kabiri cy’imodoka cyakoze ibiganiro 78 by’ubufatanye n’ibigo 14 by’imodoka byo mu mahanga, kandi cyohereje intumwa 11 gusura, kandi cyakira intumwa 48 zo gusura no guhanahana amakuru mu ruganda. Amaherezo, ikigo cya Citroen Automobile cyo mu Bufaransa cyatoranijwe kugira ngo gifatanye.

Mu kinyejana cya 21, Dongfeng ni yo yatangije igikorwa cyo kubaka imiterere y’ubucuruzi bw’imigabane. Mu 2002, Dongfeng Motor Company yasinyanye amasezerano y’ubufatanye na PSA Group of France kugira ngo yongere ubufatanye, kandi ingingo nyamukuru y’ubu bufatanye ni ukwinjiza ikirango cya Peugeot mu Bushinwa mu buryo bwuzuye. Nyuma y’ubu bufatanye, izina ry’ikigo ni Dongfeng Peugeot. Mu 2003, Dongfeng Motor Company yongeye kuvugururwa. Dongfeng Motor Company yaje kumvikana na Nissan Motor Company kugira ngo bashyirweho Dongfeng Motor Co., Ltd. mu buryo bw’ishoramari rya 50%. Nyuma yaho, Dongfeng Motor Company yagiranye imikoranire na Honda Motor Company. Nyuma yo kugisha inama, impande zombi zashoye 50% kugira ngo zishyirweho Dongfeng Honda Motor Company. Mu myaka ibiri gusa, Dongfeng Motor Company yasinyanye amasezerano y’ubufatanye n’ibigo bitatu by’imodoka mu Bufaransa no mu Buyapani.

Kugeza ubu, Dongfeng Motor Company imaze gukora urukurikirane rw'ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku makamyo aciriritse, amakamyo aremereye n'imodoka. Mu myaka 50 ishize, Dongfeng imaze itera imbere, amahirwe n'ibibazo byagiye biherekeza abantu ba Dongfeng. Kuva ku ngorane zo kubaka inganda mu ntangiriro kugeza ku ngorane zo guhanga udushya twigenga ubu, abaturage ba Dongfeng banyuze mu nzira ikomeye bafite ubutwari bwo guhinduka no kwihangana.

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